[转帖]工业设计专业毕业生应具备十项技能

1998年9月澳大利亚工业设计顾问委员会就堪培拉大学工业设计系进行的一项调查指出
，工业设计专业毕业生应具备十项技能：
  
  1、应有优秀的草图和徒手作画的能力。作为设计者，下笔应快而流畅，而不是缓慢迟
滞。这里并不要求精细的描画，但迅速地勾出轮廓并稍事渲染是必要的。关键是要快而
不拘谨。
  
  2、有很好的制作模型的技术。能使用泡沫塑料、石膏、树脂、MDF板等塑型，并了解
用SLA、SLS、LOM、硅胶等快速模型的技巧。
  
  3、必须掌握一种矢量绘图软件（比如FREEHAND、ILLUSTRATOR）和一种像素绘图软件
（如PHOTOSHOP、PHOTOSTYLER）。
  
  4、至少能够使用一种三维造型软件，如高级一些的如PRO/E、ALIAS、CATIA、I-DEAS
或层次较低些的如SOLIDWORKS98、FORM-Z、RHINO3D、3D STUDIO MAX等。
  
  5、二维绘图方面能使用AUTOCAD、MICROSTATION和VELLUM。
  
  6、能够独当一面，具有优秀的表达能力及与人交往的技巧（能站在客户的角度看待问
题和理解概念），具备写作设计报告的能力（在设计细节上进行探讨并记录设计方案的
决策过程）。有制造业方面的工作经验则更好。
  
  7、在形态方面具有很好的鉴赏力，对正负空间的架构有敏锐的感受能力。
  
  8、拿出的设计图样从流畅的草图到细致的刻画到三维渲染一应俱全。至少经有细节完
备、公差尺寸精细的图稿和制作精良的模型照片。仅仅几张轮廓图是不够的！
  
  9、对产品从设计制造到走向市场的全过程应有足够的了解。如果能在工业制造技术方
面懂得更多则更好。
  
  10、在设计流程的时间安排上要十分精确。三维渲染、制模、精细图样的绘制等应规
定明确的时段。要知道，雇主聘用专业设计人员是为了尽快地赚到钱！ （参考谭淑敏的
译文）

  
  原文如下：
  
  (According to leading Australian ID consultancies September 1998)
  
  Survey conducted by University of Canberra Industrial Design Department

  
  1) Sketching and freehand drawing ability have to be excellent... designer
s have to be fast and fluid, not slow and considered. No polished rendering
now required, but basic quick sketch rendering still worthwhile. FAST and lo
ose is the key.

  
  Rendering skills are rapidly being surpassed by software: 10 years ago: Fi
nal renderings with pastels and markers 5 years ago: Final renderings with P
hotoshop and Illustrator Now: Final renderings with Photoshop and Alias or P
ro/E + 3D Studio Max

  
  2) Good model making ability in foam, plaster, resins, MDF board including
 at least an awareness of Rapid Prototyping technologies such as SLA, SLS, L
OM, silicon rubber castings, investment casting, soft tooling options etc.

  
  3) Have to know a Vector based package (such as Freehand or Illustrator 7)
 and a Raster based package (such as Photoshop or Photostyler)

  
  4) 3D Modelling skills in 1 high end package such as Pro/E, Alias, Catia,
I-DEAS or to a lesser extent 1 mid-range package like Solidworks 98, Form Z,
 Rhino 3D, 3D Studio Max etc

  
  5) 2D CAD skills in Autocad, Microstation or Vellum as a fall back positio
n.

  
  6) Self starters with good presentation and interpersonal skills (able to
think on their feet at a client meeting and make a case for the concept), re
port writing (researching and understanding a detailed brief, documenting th
e design decision process, QA documentation) any industry experience a bonus
 (work experience, prior employment, field trips to industrial sites such as
 car manufacturers, plastic injection moulding plants, toolmakers etc).

  
  7) Excellent appreciation of form and the interaction of positive and nega
tive space.

  
  8) Portfolios should have clear progression of the idea from fluid sketch
to detailed sketch to 3D model, GA's are not enough! At least one fully deta
iled and toleranced part drawing of an injection moulded product, good clear
 photos of a good model... no poorly scanned sketches!

  
  9) A solid understanding of the product development process and how ID fit
s with marketing (concept of designing for particular price points and niche
 markets) another bonus. A good understanding of industrial techniques such
as extrusions, laser cutting, fasteners, welding, sheet metal production, co
mposites, blow moulding, injection moulding for electronic products (no Esch
er products or poorly thought out part lines!). Ability to understand and de
sign basic membrane switches a bonus.

  
  10) All consultancies operate on an hourly fee basis and their designers m
ust document time spent on each project accurately. Time management skills a
re vital as are an indication of how long the 3D renderings, models and deta
iled drawings took to complete. Employers want to start making money with th
e graduate very soon!